In corneal refractive surgery, corneal topography is used preoperatively to detect irregular astigmatism, ectatic corneal disorders, or other abnormalities, and to monitor topographic stability ...

Keratoconus occurs when this cornea becomes thinner and protrudes in a conical shape. This alteration in the cornea's form ...

One eye had persistent irregular astigmatism and one had persistent vascularization and LSCD; penetrating keratoplasty was planned in both of these eyes. The eye with the PED after PK had ...