Scientists have calculated the Earth to be 4.54 billion years old, with an uncertainty of 50 million years on either side.

Billions of years ago, Earth was home to extreme environments, including intense UV radiation, frequent volcanic eruptions, and very high concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Yet, under ...

Renowned geologist and former officiating director BSIP, Prof Mukund Sharma worked extensively on these peculiar structures known as stromatolites. Detailed studies yielded extensive ...

These are preserved examples of what are called stromatolites. They are created when many millimetre-scale layers of bacteria and sediment build up over time into larger, dome-like forms.